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The purpose of this study is to expand on the existing literature by specifically examining data security incidents within the hospitality industry, assessing origins and causes, comparing breaches within the industry with those of other industries and identifying areas of concern.

A sample of data breach incidents is drawn from the Verizon VERIS Community Database (VCDB). Statistical comparisons between hospitality and non-hospitality industry firms are conducted following the Verizon A4 threat framework.

The results reveal that breaches between hospitality and non-hospitality firms differ significantly in terms of actors, actions, assets and attributes. Specifically, proportions of breaches in the hospitality industry are larger in terms of external actors, hacking and malware, user devices compromised and integrity violations. Additionally, compared to other industries, point-of-sales (POS) system breaches occur at a higher rate in the hospitality industry. The study finds that company size, hacking and malware predict the likelihood of a POS breach.

The study uses secondary data and does not include the entire universe of data breaches.

In the quest to reduce data breach incidents, it is imperative to identify and assess the nature of data breach incidents between industries. Doing so permits the development of targeted industry-specific solutions rather than generic ones. This study systematically identifies differences between hospitality and non-hospitality data security incidents and then suggests areas where hospitality companies should focus future attention to mitigate breach incidents.

本论文延展了现有文献, 检测了酒店业中的数据安全事故, 评估其起因, 比较其他产业和酒店产业数据泄露的区别, 以及找出关键区域。

样本数据为 Verizon VERIS 社区数据库（VCDB）中的数据泄露事件。研究遵循Verizon A4 危险模型, 对酒店业和非酒店业之间事件进行了数据分析比较。

研究结果表明酒店公司和非酒店公司的数据泄露在当事人、行为、资产、和属性方面, 有着很大不同。其中, 酒店业中的数据泄露比例在外部因素、黑客、病毒、用户端失灵、和违反道德方面比较大。此外, 相对其他产业, POS系统在酒店产业中的数据泄露概率较高。本论文发现公司规模、黑客、和病毒对POS数据泄露的影响有着重大决定作用。

本论文使用二手数据, 并未检测整体数据泄露数据。

为了减少数据泄露事件, 产业之间数据泄露事件属性的认定和评价至关重要。因此, 可以针对具体产业具体事件制定出特定的解决方案。本论文系统上指出了酒店和非酒店业的数据安全事件的区别, 以及指出哪些方面, 酒店业应该重点关注, 以减少未来数据泄露事件。

“Service” became the buzzword of the 1980s. While numerous business school programmes have been progressive in research, publication and education in this area, service management in hospitality education has yet to receive the attention that it deserves. Offers a review of service management issues, discusses the reasons why an understanding of service management concepts is important to the hospitality student, and makes recommendations for how the service concepts can be grouped together to form the basis of a service management course in a hospitality curriculum.

The private club industry is undergoing major change as it forges new links with academia in the areas of research, teaching and management development. This bodes well for hospitality management programmes. Indeed, the primary mission of most hospitality programmes in North America includes the dissemination of information in ways that will translate into tangible benefits for the greater hospitality industry. This article examines the context within which changes are taking place in the relationship between private clubs and hospitality education in North America, discusses the current research agenda on club management and reports the results of a survey of club managers about the nature and importance of industry/education linkages. It concludes by proposing a framework for continued collaboration that would strengthen both academic and industry partners while emphasizing a renewed and refocused research agenda.

Training in the hospitality industry has received relatively little attention and what has been published has focused primarily upon training in hotels and restaurants. This paper presents an exploratory study of training of line‐level food and beverage employees in private clubs in the USA. Through a series of focus groups, club managers’ approaches to training are explored concentrating upon training subjects, methods used and challenges associated with the training process.

Despite the overall impact the AIDS epidemic has had on US business and society, few articles have been published in academic journals on hospitality management. Presents a brief review of the literature and summarizes the current state of the US hospitality industry and its response to the AIDS challenge. Suggests that a combination of ongoing employee education programmes, in conjunction with a comprehensive policy statement, may be the most effective means of preparing an organization to deal with employees with AIDS. Makes recommendations for the implementation of these programmes appropriate to the hospitality environment.

We have observed in the reports of those engaged in the administration of the Acts several references to the practice of milking so that a portion of the milk is left in the udder of the cow, this portion being removed subsequently and not included in the milk sent out to customers. The inspector for the southern division of the county of Northampton reports that on a sample of milk being found deficient in fat to the extent of 17 per cent., a further sample was taken at the time of milking when a milkman was found to be not properly “stripping” the cows. He was warned. The analyst for the county of Notts writes: “The first strippings obtained before the milk glands have been normally excited by the milking are very low in fat yet are “genuine” milk in the sense that nothing has been added to or taken from it. It is nonsense to talk of genuine milk in the sense that everything that comes from the udder of the cow is to be taken as genuine milk fit for sale.” In a case tried before the Recorder of Middlesbrough, one witness said that among some farmers it was a common practice not to “strip” cows until after the milk was sent away.

The Howard Shuttering Contractors case throws considerable light on the importance which the tribunals attach to warnings before dismissing an employee. In this case the tribunal took great pains to interpret the intention of the parties to the different site agreements, and it came to the conclusion that the agreed procedure was not followed. One other matter, which must be particularly noted by employers, is that where a final warning is required, this final warning must be “a warning”, and not the actual dismissal. So that where, for example, three warnings are to be given, the third must be a “warning”. It is after the employee has misconducted himself thereafter that the employer may dismiss.

The Corporation of the City of London are about to appoint a Public Analyst, and by advertisement have invited applications for the post. It is obviously desirable that the person appointed to this office should not only possess the usual professional qualifications, but that he should be a scientific man of high standing and of good repute, whose name would afford a guarantee of thoroughness and reliability in regard to the work entrusted to him, and whose opinion would carry weight and command respect. Far from being of a nature to attract a man of this stamp, the terms and conditions attaching to the office as set forth in the advertisement above referred to are such that no self‐respecting member of the analytical profession, and most certainly no leading member of it, could possibly accept them. It is simply pitiable that the Corporation of the City of London should offer terms, and make conditions in connection with them, which no scientific analyst could agree to without disgracing himself and degrading his profession. The offer of such terms, in fact, amounts to a gross insult to the whole body of members of that profession, and is excusable only—if excusable at all—on the score of utter ignorance as to the character of the work required to be done, and as to the nature of the qualifications and attainments of the scientific experts who are called upon to do it. In the analytical profession, as in every other profession, there are men who, under the pressure of necessity, are compelled to accept almost any remuneration that they can get, and several of these poorer, and therefore weaker, brethren will, of course, become candidates for the City appointment.